Unlike Western stone cathedrals, the Forbidden City is primarily a masterpiece of wooden engineering. The structures rely on a sophisticated system of post-and-beam construction and dougong (bracket sets).
The Power of Dougong
Dougong brackets are complex interlocking wooden structures that connect columns to the roof beams. They allow for massive, heavy roofs with wide overhangs while providing the flexibility necessary to withstand earthquakes. Remarkably, many of these structures do not use a single nail, relying entirely on precise joinery.
The Raised Terrace
The most important halls are built upon three-tiered white marble terraces. This not only provided flood protection but also elevated the Emperor physical and symbolic status, making the structures appear to float above the courtyards.